Diabetes (High Blood Sugar) Test

Types of diabetes based on causes

Diabetes can be classified in to three categories, depending on cause of Diabetes

• Type 1 Diabetes (T1D): The body stops producing glucose or produces too little glucose to regulate blood glucose level. It is referred as juvenile-onset diabetes as it typically diagnosed during childhood and adolescence
• Type 2 Diabetes (T2D): Although the pancreas still secretes glucose, People with glucose resistance develop type 2 diabetes when they fail to secrete enough glucose to cope with their body's demands. Type 2 diabetes is typically diagnoses during adulthood, usually after age of 45 years
• Gestational diabetes (GDM): It’s a form of diabetes that occurs during the second half of pregnancy.

Common symptom of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes include:

• Fatigue and Feeling constantly tired
• Unexplained weight loss
• Excessive thirst (polydipsia)
• Excessive urination (polyuria)
• Excessive eating (polyphagia)
• Poor wound healing
• Infections- frequent yeast infections of the genitals, dental infections, skin infections, and frequent urinary tract infections
• Altered Mental status-Agitation, unexplained irritability, inattention, extreme lethargy, or confusion
• Blurry Vision

• Damage to the retina from diabetes is leading cause of blindness
• Damage Kidneys, Kidney failure
• Damage of central nervous system
• Infections
• Hypoglycemia
• Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Foot Infection

As diabetes has a strong genetic link, it is difficult to prevent, but type 2 diabetes can be prevented in some cases

• Control weight to normal or near normal levels by proper diet
• Go for regular exercise
• Avoid alcohol
• Quit smoking
• Take proper medication of High Blood Pressure and high cholesterol
• Keep control on sugar intake

Diagnosis

• Diabetes is diagnosed with its symptoms with certain tests. A history including information about the patient's symptoms, risk factors for diabetes, past medical problems, current medications, allergies to medications, family history of diabetes, or other medical problems such as high cholesterol or heart disease, and personal habits and lifestyle would be considered before confirming tests
• Fasting Blood Sugar: The patient will be asked to eat or drink nothing for eight hours before having blood drawn (usually first thing in the morning). If the blood glucose level is greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL at any age, they probably have diabetes
• Post Prandial Glucose Test: In this test Glucose is measured in the blood particularly after a meal. If the blood glucose rises over or equal to 200 mg/dL, the patient has diabetes
• The hemoglobin A1c test is the best measurement of blood sugar control in people known to have diabetes. The normal value is under 6%. Hemoglobin A1c levels of 7% or less indicate good glucose control. A result of 8% or higher indicates that blood sugar levels are too high

• https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/diabetes
• https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html
• https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/guide/diabetes-general-symptoms-causes
• https://www.medicinenet.com/diabetes_mellitus/article.htm#diabetes_type_1_and_type_2_definition_and_facts
• https://www.livestrong.com/article/242462-age-of-people-affected-by-type-2-diabetes/
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3920109/
• https://www.ndtv.com/food/world-diabetes-day-2017-number-of-diabetics-to-double-in-india-by-2023-1775180
• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-management/art-20047963

Diabetes(High Blood Sugar)